Genetic testing is indispensable for hematological disease management. For acute leukemia, it supports diagnosis, prognosis assessment and treatment guidance. However, interpreting genetic mutation reports is highly complex. Clinicians must distinguish germline (inherited) mutations from somatic tumor-derived variants, clarify whether germline variants contribute to leukemia susceptibility, analyze mutation loci, variant combinations, and their impacts on prognosis and target

Genetic testing plays a vital role in diagnosing and treating hematologic malignancies. It enables precise disease classification, prognostic stratification, and personalized treatment planning, guiding targeted therapies and minimizing adverse reactions. By detecting gene mutations and monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD), it helps assess relapse risks and improve patient outcomes.

MICM integrated diagnosis covers Morphology (M), Immunology (I), Cytogenetics (C) and Molecular biology (M), serving as the core diagnostic system for hematological malignancies. Its updated scope also incorporates two additional P modules: Pathogen detection and Pharmacogenomics (MICM-PP). Director Tong Chunrong from Beijing Boren Hospital elaborates on how this integrated system enables precise subtyping and individualized therapy for blood cancers.

Wondering why leukemia patients need genetic testing? Director Zheng Qinlong explains its vital role in precision hematology care. Genetic heterogeneity drives varied chemo responses; gene sequencing guides targeted therapy, MRD surveillance and risk stratification. Comprehensive molecular profiling avoids ineffective regimens, cuts costs and enables personalized long-term treatment plans.

Clinical evaluations are systematically carried out centered on five core laboratory divisions (naming varies across hospitals): Cell Morphology Laboratory, Pathological Diagnosis Laboratory, Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Cytogenetics Laboratory, and Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory. Corresponding tests include cell morphology and cytochemical staining, pathology and immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, karyotype analysis, FISH, gene testing, etc.

Many patients wonder: How long can CAR-T therapy last? Its long-term efficacy depends not only on the initial anti-tumor effect but also on the persistence of CAR-T cells in the body. Factors like T-cell quality, production process, tumor immune escape, and standardized whole-process management all affect outcomes. To improve durability, doctors recommend early intervention, optimized cell preparation, personalized targets, and long-term monitoring.

Recently, the international hematology journal Blood Advances published a prospective clinical study by Lu Daopei Medical Team, titled "Efficacy and safety of BCMA nanobody CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory plasma cell myeloma," reporting breakthrough clinical results of BCMA-targeted nanobody-based CAR-T cell therapy in heavily pretreated refractory/relapsed plasma cell neoplasms.