China has established a robust clinical research framework for thalassemia gene therapy through collaboration among leading medical centers and biotech companies. With the accumulation of positive clinical data and optimization of protocols, gene therapy is poised to offer a potential functional cure for many thalassemia patients, demonstrating China's growing capability and potential in the global advanced therapy landscape.

Unlike traditional radiotherapy, which employs X-rays or gamma rays, proton beams exhibit a unique energy deposition pattern in matter. They deliver a lower dose as they enter the body and release most of their energy at a specific depth, known as the Bragg Peak. This Bragg Peak effect allows proton therapy to precisely concentrate a higher radiation dose on the tumor while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues, achieving targeted "precision bombing" to cancer cell

The field of diabetes cell and gene therapy exhibits a development landscape where the United States and China possess distinct advantages: 1. The United States maintains leadership in original technology. 2. China holds advantages in the speed of clinical translation and patient resources. 3. International cooperation and complementarity are key for the future.