On January 27, 1964, Academician Lu Daopei, the "founder of bone marrow transplantation in China," successfully performed Asia's first and the world's fourth allogeneic bone marrow transplantation at Peking University People's Hospital. This opened the era of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for treating hematological diseases in China, bringing new hope to countless hematology patients.