Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is an effective treatment for malignant hematological tumors. One of the key factors determining the success of HSCT is Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) matching. If the HLA of the donor and the patient (recipient) do not match, severe rejection may occur, even endangering life.

CAR-T therapy, the 4th major cancer treatment, engineers patient's T cells to target cancers. Highly effective for blood cancers like leukemia & lymphoma. Promising for solid tumors & non-cancer diseases. Faces challenges like cost & side effects, but research is advancing rapidly.

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